| Gadya
|
Prose,
as opposed to Padya,
which is verse. In a musical composition, the lyrics may be prose or
verse or a mixture of both (Gadya-Padya).
|
| Gamaka
|
The
generic nomenclature for all melodic graces and ornamentations that
arise out of musical movement. In the Carnatic tradition the Gamaka
is an essential part of the melodic structure. It is rare therefore that
in this tradition you hear a Swara
unadorned and plain. In Carnatic music, the use of Gamaka
is one of the chief identifying features of the Ragas,
and cannot be omitted or reduced at will. In Hindustani music even the
tonal characteristic can identify the raga without any Gamaka
whatever. In this sense, Hindustani music is somewhat plainer and less
ornamented as compared to Carnatic music. Various commentators have
described several numbers and kinds of Gamakas.
|
| Gana Bhaskara
|
Telugu
work by K.V.Srinivasa Iyengar, published in 1934.
|
| Gana Krama
|
The
method and order style of singing various parts of a composition. The Gita
is sung right through, without repeating any line. In the Kriti,
each Sangati
is sung twice. The Anupallavi
is sung after the Pallavi
and the Charanam
follows the Anupallavi.
|
| Gandhara or Ga
|
The
third Swara
in the octave.
|
| Gandharva Veda
|
The
branch of the Veda
that deals with music. It is an Upa
Veda or a subsidiary Veda
along with Ayurveda
(medicine), Dhanur
Veda (military science) and Artha
Shastra (political science).
|
| Gandharvas
|
Celestial
musicians mentioned in the Indian Puranas
(mythological texts).
|
| Gati
|
Tempo
of a musical piece - the speed and the gait of a composition.
|
| Gatra Veena
|
Metaphorical
term for the human voice. It is the Veena
of the Gatra,
thus treating the body as a natural musical instrument.
|
| Gavantu
|
The
ledge of ivory that separates the body of the Veena
from its stem.
|
| Gayaka
|
Singer.
|
| Gayaki
|
Instrumental
style that views vocal music as the ideal, and mimics the voice.
|
| Getti Melam
|
A
colloquial term, indicating vigorous, loud music played by a group of
musicians on a Nagaswaram
and Tavil
ensemble. This is played at the moment the Mangalsutra
is tied round the neck of a bride when getting married as per the Indian
Hindu custom.
|
| Ghana Raga Pancharatnam |
A
set of popular Tyagaraja
compositions, consisting of ‘Jagadananda Karaka‘ in Nattai,
‘Dudukugala’ in Gowla, ‘Sadhinchane’ in Arabhi, ‘Kanakana
Ruchira’ in Varali and Endaro mahanubhavulu’ in Sri. All these
compositions are in Adi
Tala
and each of the Kritis
has multiple Charanams,
which are sung as Swara-Sahitya.
|
| Ghana Ragamalika
Varna
|
A
Varna
in which the Ghana
Ragas
are strung together in a Ragamalika
fashion. Veena
Kuppayyar composed one such piece.
|
| Ghana Ragas
|
Ragas
whose principal characteristics are easily revealed, e.g. Arabhi, Nattai,
Varali, Sri and Gowla.
|
| Ghana vadya
|
Percussion
instruments made of metals.
|
| Gharana
|
A
school or style of singing in Hindustani music, usually named after the
place of origin, e.g. Agra, Jaipur, Gwalior, Patiala etc. Also see Bani.
|
| Ghatam
|
A
pot of specially seasoned clay, used as a percussion instrument in
Carnatic music.
|
| Gita
|
Simple
musical composition, first taught to students after basic training in Swara
exercises and Alankaras.
These are simple melodies in uniform Laya
and usually in praise of one of the Hindu Gods. There are two kinds, the
Sanchari
Gitas,
which convey the basic outline of the Raga,
and the Lakshana
Gitas, in which the lyrics also explicitly describe the
characteristics of the Ragas
in which they are composed.
|
| Gita govinda
|
An
immortal poetic-cum-musical Sanskrit classic, composed by Jayadeva in
the twelfth century. There are twelve chapters in it. Each song contains
eight verses or Padas,
on account of which these songs are also called the Ashtapadi.
There are twenty-four such songs.
|
| Gitanugam
|
Any
instrument that is used as an accompaniment to as singer, e.g., Violin,
Sarangi,
Harmonium.
|
| Gotu
|
A
cylindrical piece of ebony, bison horn or Teflon, used to slide over the
strings of the string instrument Gotuvadyam
or Chitravina.
|
| Gotuvadyam
|
See
Chitravina.
|
| Govinda
|
Author
of the Sanskrit treatise Sangraha
Chudamani, perhaps the last of the Sanskrit texts on Lakshana.
The author lived during the latter part of the eighteenth century. He
was associated with the Tanjavur court. The Sangraha
Chudamani is available in a modern published version.
|
| Govinda Marar
(1798-1843)
|
A
highly gifted musician from Travancore. He invented a seven-stringed
tambura, which had two Panchama
strings, two Sarani
strings, two Anusaranis
and one Mandra
string tuned to Shadja.
He was considered an exponent of singing in Shat-kalas
or six speeds.
|
| Graha Bheda
|
The
technique of deriving new scales by shifting the tonic note of an
existing scale. For example, if you take the raga Hindolam (Sa Ga Ma Dha
Ni Sa), and treat the Ga as if it were a Sa, the resulting scale would
be Sa Ri Ma Pa Dha Sa, thus giving the scale of Suddha Saveri. This
transformation is based on the simple mathematical relationship between
the various notes in the octave.
|
| Guru
|
One
of the six Angas
of Tala
in Carnatic music. It has two Matras
or eight Akshara-kalas.
The word Guru
also means preceptor, who takes the student from darkness to light.
|
| Guruguha
|
The
Mudra
(signature) used by Muthuswami
Dikshitar
in his compositions.
|
| Gurumurti Sastri, Paidala (c.
18th cent.) |
One
of the greatest composers of Gitas,
after Purandara
Dasa.
|
| Guru-Shishya Parampara
|
The
lineage of preceptor and disciple, through which the living tradition is
transmitted.
|
